Fall in with KOS island

With a history that dates back to the 3rd millennium BC, Kos stands as one of the Dodecanese’s most historically rich islands, continuously inhabited since the Neolithic era. This enchanting island has witnessed the ebb and flow of numerous civilizations, each leaving its distinct imprint and weaving a tapestry that encompasses ancient Greek glory, Byzantine spirituality, medieval chivalry, and the complexities of modern history. From its mythological links to Asclepius and Hippocrates to its strategic importance in various historical periods, Kos encapsulates the essence of a journey through time, offering a vivid reflection of the diverse chapters that have shaped not only the island itself but also the broader narrative of the Mediterranean region.

Prehistoric and Ancient Periods

• Neolithic Era: The history of Kos dates back to the end of the Neolithic era, around the 3rd millennium BC, marking it as one of the Dodecanese’s continually inhabited islands from ancient times. This era laid the foundation of its rich civilization, which evolved through the Bronze Age, leaving significant archaeological traces that offer insights into early human settlements and cultural developments on the island.
• Classical and Hellenistic Periods: In the Classical and Hellenistic eras, Kos played a pivotal role in the wider context of ancient Greek politics and culture. Its alliance with Athens during the Peloponnesian War brought it to the forefront of major historical events. The island’s subsequent experience under Spartan rule further shaped its political and cultural landscape. These periods were marked by significant developments in arts, science, and philosophy, with Kos contributing notably to the advancement of medical knowledge.

Byzantine Era

• Demolition of Non-Christian Sanctuaries: With the advent of the Byzantine era post 384 AD, there was a significant shift in the religious and cultural identity of Kos. The era was marked by the Christianization of the region, leading to the demolition of non-Christian sanctuaries. This period signalled the end of ancient religious practices on the island and ushered in a new era of Byzantine influence, reshaping the cultural and architectural landscape.
• Invasions and Decline: The island also faced numerous challenges during this time, including raids by Vandals, Saracens, Isaurians, and Visigoths. These invasions, coupled with internal transformations, led to a prolonged period of decline for Kos. The once-thriving island grappled with the loss of its ancient glory, entering a phase of reduced prominence and economic hardship.

Medieval Period

• 11th Century Renaissance: The 11th century marked a significant turning point for Kos. After enduring a period of decline, the island began to regain its former significance, emerging as a crucial port in the Aegean Sea. This resurgence was driven by the flourishing of trade and the reestablishment of control by the Byzantine fleet, leading to a revival of economic and cultural activity.
• Knights of Saint John: The year 1306 was a landmark in the island’s history when the Byzantine emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos handed over control of Kos to the Knights of Saint John. This transition heralded a new era of fortification and strategic defence, exemplified by the construction of the Castle of Neratzia. The Knights’ rule left a lasting architectural and cultural legacy on the island, visible in its medieval castles and fortifications.

Ottoman Rule

• 1523 Onwards: The Ottoman occupation of Kos beginning in 1523 introduced a new chapter in the island’s history. Despite facing threats from pirates and other external invaders, Kos managed to maintain a degree of economic activity. The Ottoman rule, lasting for centuries, left a significant imprint on the island’s cultural and architectural heritage.

20th Century

• Italian Rule: The early 20th century saw another shift in Kos’s governance. Following the Turkish-Italian War in 1912, the island was annexed by Italy. The Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 confirmed this change, granting the inhabitants Italian citizenship but without political rights. This period was marked by significant infrastructural development and cultural exchange.
• German Occupation and British Administration: The latter part of World War II brought further turmoil to Kos. After 1943, the island fell under German occupation, only to be liberated and placed under British administration following Germany’s defeat.
• Union with Greece: A pivotal moment in Kos’s modern history was its union with Greece in 1948. Along with the rest of the Dodecanese, Kos was ceded to Greece, integrating it into the modern Greek state. This event marked the end of centuries of foreign rule and began a new era of Greek governance.

Mythological Significance

• Asclepius and Hippocrates: Kos holds a distinguished place in Greek mythology and ancient history as the birthplace of Hippocrates, the father of medicine. The Asklepieion, a healing centre and sanctuary dedicated to Asclepius, stands as a testament to the island’s ancient medical history and its significance in the development of medical science.
• Connection to Hercules: Mythologically, Kos is also linked to Hercules, the legendary Greek hero, adding to the island’s rich tapestry of myths and legends that intertwine with its historical narrative.

Geographical and Cultural History

• Names Through Ages: Over the centuries, Kos has been known by various names, each reflecting a different aspect of its history and cultural influences. From “Kinnis” to “Meropis,” “Karis,” and possibly “Koon” or “Kion,” these names encapsulate the island’s evolving identity.
• Island Myth and Nisyros: The myth of Poseidon’s battle with the Giant Polyvotis, leading to the creation of Nisyros, intertwines the island’s mythology with its geological history, illustrating how legend and reality often merge in the rich tapestry of Greek history.

Through its strategic importance in the Aegean, Kos has played a crucial role in various historical epochs, shaping its unique cultural and mythological heritage. Each era, from ancient times to the modern day, has left indelible marks on the island, contributing to the rich, multifaceted identity that defines Kos today.